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in microbiology, the visualization of bacteria on the microscopic level is through the use of stains which react with components in some cells, but not others. This technique is used to classify bacteria as either Gram-positive and Gram negative, depending on their color after a specific staining procedure originally developed by Hans Christian grief Gram-positive bacteria appear dark blue or purple due to the crystal violet stain solution after the Gram staining procedure, Gram-negative bacteria, which do not retain crystal violet stain solution, appear red or pink by the counterstain. Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet solution due to the amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
Gram-positive bacteria are divided into two main groups: the Firmicutes and the Actinobacteria. The Actinobacteria have a high G + C ratio and common soil bacteria and some pathogens such as Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium. Strains of Mycobacterium can cause tuberculosis and leprosy. Can strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria, granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, skin infections and endocarditis. The Firmicutes have a low G + C content, in contrast to the Actinobacteria. Firmicutes can be cocci or rod-shaped forms. Many produce endospores. They are located in different environments and a number of important pathogens such as Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
In contrast, strains of Lactobacillus are important for the health and live Lactobacillus bacteria are components of many probiotics. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics are the many potential therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Lactococcus is an important organism in the food industry and is responsible for the manufacture of cheese and yogurt and other fermented foods. Strains of Clostridium as a means to target the cancer cells to destroy and, above all, for the treatment of solid tumors.
# Actinobacteria
Actinomyces *
* Arthrobacter
Corynebacterium *
* Frankia
Micrococcus *
* Micromonospora
Mycobacterium *
* Nocardia
* Propionibacterium
Streptomyces *
# Firmicutes
* Acetobacterium
Bacillus *
Clostridium *
Enterococcus *
Erysipelothrix *
* Eubacterium
* Heliobacterium
* Heliospirillum
Lactobacillus *
* Lactococcus
* Leuconostoc
Listeria *
* Pectinatus
* Pediococcus
* Selenomonas
* Spiro plasma
* Sporomusa
Staphylococcus *
Streptococcus *
* Megasphaera
* Mycoplasma
* Ureaplasma
* Zymophilus
More information on the Gram-positive bacteria on the Gram-positive bacteria website. Further reading: Microbiology Books
วันอังคารที่ 11 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
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